Wednesday, March 24, 2010

Depression in ESRD

This blog post focuses on some of the lesser-discussed aspects of ESRD: depression and psychosocial issues related to ESRD. Studying depression in the ESRD population is an important issue because it is likely the most prevalent psychiatric disease among ESRD patients and there is growing evidence that depression is associated with impaired quality of life and mortality. However, it is often times overlooked in the traditional care of patients with ESRD. What are some of the methodological challenges to studying depression in ESRD patients?

First, there is the difficulty in measuring depression, which has resulted in varying reports on the prevalence of depression in ESRD patients. There have been inconsistent results from multiple studies, and as Hedayati summarized, this lack of consistency likely reflects different disease severity, populations assessed at different time points since starting dialysis, and different depression measures. Kimmel placed the prevalence between 5-10%. In the large Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), the prevalence of physician-diagnosed depression was 14% and probable depression was 43%.

Which instrument is used to assess depression? The DSM-IV is considered the appropriate tool for a clinical diagnosis of depression and is administered by a trained interviewer, rather than being filled out by a patient. While other instruments have been used, Hedayati et al. found that a clinical DSM IV-based diagnosis of depression is a stronger predictor of outcomes compared with self-report scales.

Compounding these challenges is the difficulty in distinguishing between depression and physical symptoms of ESRD and uremia. Other methodologic issues: applying the instruments to varying demographic populations across time (at the initiation of dialysis versus several years later), race, and geography.

Ultimately, what is needed are well-designed, longitudinal, large studies to determine the association between depression and mortality and whether intervention and treatment of depression, whether through greater screening efforts, treatment with anti-depressants, or cognitive behavioral therapy approaches, will impact outcomes such as lowering mortality in patients with ESRD.

Posted by Julie Paik M.D.

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

We overlook the issue of infertility in these patients, and can you put a write up regarding infertiliy and pregnancy in ESRD?